《Oppenheimer》Introduction to the Manhattan Project in the movie

A recently popular movie called - Oppenheimer - has attracted widespread attention. Whether it is the actor's appearance, outstanding acting skills, or the dramatic plot, it has attracted a large number of viewers..At the same time, the introduction of the Manhattan Project in the movie - Oppenheimer in the play - has also become a hot topic discussed by many viewers.Now let’s explore it together.

《Oppenheimer》The Manhattan Project in the movie was a military research project started by the U.S. military during World War II.

The name of the Manhattan Project comes from: In 1939, a relevant committee was established to study atomic weapons and its headquarters was located in Manhattan, hence the name of the project.In 1942, Oppenheimer was invited to participate in the Manhattan Project to research the first nuclear weapon in human history. He built a research base and various facilities on a large desert terrain in New Mexico (Los Alamos) for scientists to bring their families.infrastructure such as schools, restaurants, pubs, etc.It took three years and about 2 billion US dollars. On July 16, 1945, the test explosion of the first atomic bomb "Gadget" was declared successful.A total of three atomic bombs were produced at that time, and the other two "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, on August 6 and 9 of the same year respectively.

In July 1946, on the first anniversary of the successful development of the atomic bomb, the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives passed a bill proposed by Senator McMahon after intense debate.Truman signed the order on August 1, and the proposal officially took effect. This is the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.It marked the end of the U.S. wartime nuclear program and the beginning of a new transitional period. It also became the guiding principle for the development of the entire U.S. atomic energy in peacetime.

After the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 officially came into effect, the Manhattan Project led by Groves continued to support the entire nuclear program with the consent of Congress and the government.When the new U.S. Atomic Energy Commission was formed, Truman decided to transfer all the property and power of the original Manhattan Project to the Atomic Energy Commission at 12 o'clock on the last day of 1946, thus officially starting a new transition period.The Atomic Energy Commission has four departments: the Research Department, which controls all research related to atomic energy; the Production Department, which owns and controls all facilities for the production of fissile materials and atomic energy, and organizes the production of nuclear fissile materials; and the Engineering Department, which directs everything related toEquipment and engineering related to the development of atomic energy; Military Applications Division, which handles atomic energy matters related to armaments.The headquarters of the Atomic Energy Commission also moved from Oak Ridge to Washington.

Later, the U.S. government decided to establish national laboratories, the most famous of which are Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on Long Island, New York.These two laboratories have contributed to the development of high-energy physics. In particular, Professor Ding Zhaozhong discovered the J particle using Brookhaven Laboratory's accelerator AGS in 1974, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this.

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