"Rhyme of Tang" is a literary education series jointly produced by Ningxia TV, Shanxi TV and Beijing Sanduotang Film and Television Advertising Company. It contains a total of 20 episodes, each episode is about 20 to 30 minutes long.This series delves into the glorious achievements of Tang Dynasty poetry, with each episode focusing on a specific aspect of Tang poetry or an important poet, from the innovative ethos of the early Tang Dynasty to the poets of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, to the lingering sounds of the late Tang Dynasty.Comprehensive coverage of the Tang Dynasty poetry.

《Rhyme of Tang》begins with “Eternal Tang Poems”, introducing the historical background of the Tang Dynasty and the important position of Tang poetry in Chinese culture, and showing the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and the brilliant achievements of Tang poetry.Through exquisite pictures and profound explanations, it leads the audience into the Tang Dynasty and feels the life and creation of the poets of that era, as well as the profound influence of Tang poetry on later generations.

With its unique perspective, rich historical data and elegant artistic taste, the entire series presents the audience with the whole picture of Tang poetry, from the heroic frontier poets to the delicate landscape poets, from Li Bai's elegance to Du Fu's melancholy, and then to others.The style of many poets not only tells the life of the poet, but also analyzes the connotation of the poem, allowing the audience to have a deeper understanding and appreciation of the charm of Tang poetry.《Rhyme of Tang》With its rigorous academic attitude and artistic expression, it has become a model work for introducing Tang poetry. It is deeply loved by the audience and plays an important role in popularizing and inheriting Chinese classical culture.

Tang poetry through the ages

This is the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province. Buried here is the most outstanding emperor in Chinese history—Tang Taizong Li Shimin.Li Shimin, this young hero, rebelled against the Sui Dynasty at the age of nineteen. He rode the Six Horses of Zhaoling, holding wind and thunder in his hand, and galloped across China.of the Tang Dynasty.At the age of twenty-nine, he took over the authority of the emperor from his father, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, and thus began the Zhenguan rule in Chinese history, which is infinitely longed for by future generations.

Although the Li family belongs to the Han nationality, their ancestral home is Longxi. They have been ruled by this ethnic minority since the early fourth century. It has been 400 years since the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.Four hundred years is more than enough time to change the genetics of a family's thoughts and feelings.As a result, the Li family became a deeply barbaric family.They also consider themselves to be descendants of the ancient philosopher Laozi and Li Er, so they highly respect Laozi, Zhuangzi and Taoism.They also have no grudges against Buddhism that has flourished since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.With such a political core without prejudice and prejudice, coupled with strong national strength, the development of productivity has reached the highest level of a small peasant society, so the people of the Tang Dynasty were full of confidence and dared to accept everything with a smile.During the two hundred and ninety years of the rule of the Li Group, no one was convicted or beheaded for writing that violated taboos. Even if they satirized the emperor or exposed his shortcomings, it was only considered a trivial matter.Under the feudal system, this was the only dynasty with such a relaxed and generous political atmosphere.

When we talk about the Tang Dynasty, we immediately think of Tang poetry.Tang poetry is the Mount Everest of Chinese poetry. It is unprecedented and unprecedented in the small peasant society.It is an unattainable height.Tang poetry is the Yangtze River and Yellow River in Chinese poetry, which irrigate the land of the Chinese nation with their vast drainage areas.According to statistics, there are more than 3,600 authors of all Tang poetry, and more than 55,000 poems.And since engraving and printing had just been invented in the Tang Dynasty, printing books was not yet easy. Who knows how many poems were lost!Wang Zhihuan, an important poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, only has six poems left.So, who can count the total loss of Tang poetry?

In the Tang Dynasty, imperial examinations were implemented, and the Jinshi subject was particularly valued.To be admitted to Jinshi, you need to take a test of poetry. If you do well in poetry, you may have the potential to rise to great heights. Who among scholars would not want to try their skills in this arena.As far as the rumors were concerned, even monks, Taoist priests, prostitutes and other people with a little cultural accomplishment dared to come forward and compose a poem openly, and many of them even kept poetry collections.

In the Tang Dynasty, even politics and philosophy were filled with the fragrance of poetry, which was a typical era of poetry.In the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty, there were not only many poets, but also a group of giants who were awe-inspiring for future generations, like Li Bai, like Du Fu, like Han Yu, like Bai Juyi, etc., etc., the Yangtze River is rolling in.These masters appeared one after another. When poets after the Song Dynasty wrote, they tried their best to jump into their magnetic field but were unable to start, or tried their best to jump out of their magnetic field but were unable to do so.

So, Wang Bo, one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty, came and sang loudly, "There are confidants in the sea, and if we are close to each other in the world, look at this magnanimity!"In ancient times when transportation and communication tools were underdeveloped, few people knew what the other side of the mountain looked like, and it was impossible to be close to each other at the end of the world.Only when people are full of self-confidence and believe that they can live freely and that there will be no political earthquake or any external force to block people's desire to meet, can they sing such heroic sentiments calmly.

So Chen Zi'ang came, standing upright on the Youzhou stage like a giant, facing infinite time and infinite space, singing loudly like spring thunder "The ancients have never been seen before, and the newcomers have never been seen after." Thinking of the long journey of heaven and earth, aloneI burst into tears with sadness!What a tragic song, as if emanating from the depths of history, not only awakened the ever-splendid poetry of the Tang Dynasty, but also still produces aesthetic shock waves in the land of China to this day!

So the majestic group of frontier poets came. They were the guard of honor of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, demonstrating the national prestige of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.Wang Changling came and sang the battlefield march: “ Qinghai is covered by long clouds and snow-capped mountains, the lonely city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance, the yellow sand wears golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken!” So Gao Shi came, and his eternal masterpiece - Yan Ge Xing - came like the tide of the Qiantang River: "The smoke and dust of the Han family are in the northeast, and the Han generals will leave their homes and destroy the thieves.A man is proud of himself, but the emperor gives him great honor."So Cen Shen came, and this poet who was eager to make great achievements sang passionately: "I'm going to the west to reach the sky. I see the moon is full twice after leaving home. I don't know where to stay tonight. There are no people in the flat sand thousands of miles away.“This group of frontier fortress poets either praise the indomitable and high-spirited fighting spirit in the war to defend the motherland, or describe the hardship and cruelty of the war. They are all so heroic and impressive, because they are poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and influential figures in the poetry world of the prosperous Tang Dynasty., what erupts is the ever-shocking symphony of frontier heroes.

Finally Li Bai came. He matched up with the strongest voice of the times and sang "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea never to return" with a momentum that shocked the ages.This is the feeling that can only be found when a giant raises his head high into the sky and lifts the rolling waves of the Yellow River with his eyes as he pours them into the sea.It was this declaration that the super giant who could defeat the powerful and make me unhappy was able to push the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the highest peak that would shine through the ages.
However, the Tang Dynasty, which was at its peak, finally led to the An-Shi Rebellion. This war lasted for eight years and wiped out the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.So Du Fu came over looking haggard.Although this compassionate poet was already forty-four years old when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he could not sing the idealism or the romantic temperament of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.What he sang with his hoarse voice was that the country was in ruins and the mountains and rivers were still there, and the spring vegetation in the city was deep. It was the blood and tears of the mid-Tang Dynasty, and the sadness of witnessing the collapse of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

So Han Yu came.This poet with a strong personality who wanted to summon back the atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty to regain his self-confidence created a strange and dangerous school of poetry.He shouted loudly, using the language of poetry to shout out the eternal saying that "things will thrive if they are not equal".Showing the courage to use the power of the earthquake to re-launch a peak.So Bai Juyi came, and as soon as he appeared on the stage, he stubbornly sang the tenacity of "the wild fire will never burn out, and the spring breeze will revive".It shows that the Tang Dynasty is still a dynamic existence.He launched the massive New Yuefu Movement. His poetry style was simple and simple, which stood side by side with Han Yu's strange and dangerous twin peaks, which made Tang poetry present another new world with a variety of phenomena.

However, after all, the Tang Dynasty embarked on an irreversible decline.Tang poetry also fell from the prosperity of the Middle Tang Dynasty to the decline of the Late Tang Dynasty.So Li Shangyin came.His vision was hazy, he didn't know where the wind was coming from or where it was going.His singing voice was sentimental and deep like that of the ancients. He looked at the gradually dimming dusk and sang in a low voice: Feeling unwell towards the evening, he drove to Guyuan. The sunset was infinitely beautiful, but it was almost dusk.”He was lamenting his dissatisfaction, but we also saw the decline of the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty, this glorious moment in Chinese history, finally came to an end.Tang poetry also sings the final loss with a voice as sad as a chilling cicada.Wei Zhuang stood on the wall of the ancient city of Nanjing and sang: “The river is raining and the river is full of grass. The six dynasties are like a dream and the birds are singing in the sky. The most ruthless willows are the Taicheng willows, which are still smoked ten miles across the embankment.”This is to mourn the fall of the Six Dynasties, to bid farewell to the Tang Dynasty, and to leave the last sigh for Tang poetry.

When Tang poetry ended, its influence had just begun.The quatrains, which were finally finalized in the Tang Dynasty, and the rhythmic poetry that arose in the Tang Dynasty, have traveled through thousands of years and have been used to this day.When people write old-style poems today, they usually write a poem with five unique styles, five rhythms, seven unique styles, and seven rhythms.Probably few people have thought that it was the poets of the Tang Dynasty who cast a ready-made mold that made it so convenient for us to write poetry.Most of the poets of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties were influenced by Tang poetry to some degree or another, directly or indirectly.Let’s not talk about individuals, let’s talk about larger poetry schools and more influential poetry movements.The Xikun School in the early Northern Song Dynasty studied Li Shangyin exclusively, and only wanted to write poems that were hazy or even obscure, regardless of whether they were poetic or not.The Jiangxi school headed by Huang Tingjian, which arose in the late Northern period, regarded Du Fu as its ancestor, paid attention to the use of allusions, and boasted that there was no word or origin.The retro movement that arose in the middle and late Ming Dynasty even categorically called for "poems must flourish in the Tang Dynasty". They only wanted to write poems in a majestic tone and make the gongs ring loudly, no matter whether it was music or not!It was not until the reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty that traditional poetic aesthetics began to be challenged. Kang Youwei loudly shouted that "the artistic conception is almost inferior to that of Li and Du, and where is the Yuan and Ming Dynasty in his eyes", did he finally dare to stand on the commanding heights of the times and overlook Tang poetry.Having said that, it was only after the May 4th Movement and the rise of vernacular that Chinese poetry finally emerged from the magnetic field of Tang poetry.

Original and innovative style

Since the Ming Dynasty, people who study Tang poetry have traditionally divided Tang poetry into four periods, namely the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the middle Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty.The early Tang Dynasty lasted nearly a hundred years from the founding of the Tang Dynasty in 618 AD to the early eighth century, before Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Longji ascended the throne of emperor. The time span was the largest, but the achievements were the lowest.The source of the Yangtze River, a world-class river, is also narrow, shallow, and winding. But without this narrow, shallow, winding river, there would be no majestic rolling waves downstream.

The poetry world of the early Tang Dynasty was still under the influence of the Southern Dynasty's decorative style that pursued formal beauty. Needless to say, the court poets, even those like the Four Heroes who strongly demanded a change in trends, had obviously more ornate poetry styles.For powerful figures like Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, they also sang "Playing in the Fangtang together, hand in hand on the eagle sail, the boat moves and divides the fine waves, and the wind disperses the floating fragrance".This kind of poetry is almost indistinguishable from the Southern Dynasty poets who followed the emperor's hesitation.

The four heroes Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang are commonly called Wang Yang and Lu Luo in literary history.They were mainly active in the second half of the seventh century and before the 1980s.This is a group of young talents, talented and full of energy, and they are full of heroic spirit when they appear on the stage; this is a group of short-lived poets, Wang Bo, who lived the shortest, was only twenty-seven years old; this is another group of miserable poets, Wang Bo drowned,Lu Zhaolin committed suicide by drowning due to long-term paralysis, and King Luo Bin was killed.Although they were in bad luck and lived a difficult life, they were all determined to clean up the filth in the poetry world and eradicate Chen Chen Xiangyin's court literature. They demanded to write their true feelings, create a true self in their poems, and change the relationship between poetry and poetry.Times are like oil flowers floating on the water, so poetry must be passionate and alive.Although their energy was limited, they took the lead and responded to each other. After some galloping, they finally prepared the necessary scenery and appropriate atmosphere for Tang Shi's appearance.The achievements of the Four Heroes were limited, and they did not completely get rid of the influence of the Qi Mi style of writing in the Southern Dynasties, so they were criticized by future generations.Du Fu was very dissatisfied with this, and once pointed out categorically: "Wang Yang Luluo was a frivolous and frivolous scholar at that time."Both your body and your name will be destroyed, but the eternal flow of rivers will not be wasted!“.

Wang Bo, the most accomplished among the Four Heroes, only lived to be twenty-seven years old.When he was twenty-six years old, he wrote the "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion", which is a famous article that has been passed down through the ages.It is said that Yan, the governor who was guarding Nanchang at that time, decorated the Tengwang Pavilion. On September 9th, when the guests were gathering, he asked his son-in-law to write an article describing the Tengwang Pavilion, and then pretended to be an improvisation to show off to the guests.During the banquet, the host pretended to let everyone present write.Everyone in the know declined knowingly, but Wang Bo didn't know the bounds of heaven and earth, so he actually took the pen and started writing, which made Governor Yan furious.However, people in the Tang Dynasty were broad-minded. When Wang Bo wrote, "The setting clouds and the lonely birds fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky," Yan was shocked. Not only was he not angry, but he also took the initiative to ask Wang Bo to continue writing.”The setting clouds and lonely birds fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky“. This autumn scenery by the river at dusk is so vast and inspiring!《Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion》Although it is not a poem, it is a prose poem with a rich poetic flavor, and its aesthetic effect will never decay.The article ends with a poem: ”The king of Teng has a high pavilion near Jiangzhu, and he wears a jade mingluan to sing and dance.The painted building is flying toward Nanpu clouds, and the bead curtain rolls into the west mountain rain at dusk.The shadows in Xianyuntan Lake are long, and things change and the stars move several autumns.Where is the emperor's son in the pavilion now?Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows freely.“”Chengque assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to the Wujin.I want to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs.There are close friends in the sea, as if we are neighbors at the end of the world, we are on the wrong road by doing nothing, and our children share the same fate!“Breaking up with a friend is usually a bit sad, but this poem goes against the grain and believes that as long as we are close friends, we are still like close neighbors even if we are separated by the world.There is not a word of explanation in the poem, but the world is at peace and there is a sense of security everywhere, which is used as a solid background to set off the back of the poem.Only when the times are open, peaceful, and transparent, and neither the one seeing off nor the one being seen off can think of any unexpected harm, will they be in such a cheerful mood when they break up.”There are close friends in the sea, and there are neighbors as far apart as the world%. It expresses this universal desire of mankind, so it has been passed down through the ages and has become a famous saying that is quoted at any time.

Yang Jiong, one of the four heroes, once said that he was ashamed to be in front of Lu and was ashamed to be the queen.Obviously, he felt ashamed to be ranked before Lu Zhaolin. He was pretending to be modest, and his real intention was to disobey Wang Bo.He was proud of his talents and called those pretentious court officials "Qilin last", which means Qilin's stuffing.When asked what he meant by this, he said that those who play Qilin usually use cloth to cover the Qilin on the donkey. It looks like a Qilin, but in fact, if you take off the painting, it is just a donkey.What a shame!Fortunately, he was born in the Tang Dynasty, otherwise, this incident alone would be enough to make him lose his head.

Lu Zhaolin suffered a terrible fate. He suffered a stroke and was paralyzed for ten years. Finally, he couldn't bear it and committed suicide by drowning.There are two sentences in his "Chang'an Ancient Meanings", "If you have success, why would you die? If you want to be a mandarin duck, don't envy the immortals". These are famous sentences that are still quoted from time to time.

Parents have probably taught several Tang poems to their children, and this one is probably included among the poems taught: “ Goose Goose, the song is singing to the sky, the white hair is floating on the green water, and the anthurium is stirring the clear waves.”This poem is recorded to have been written by King Luo Bin when he was seven years old.

King Luo Bin is from Yiwu County, Zhejiang Province.When Xu Jingye revolted against Wu Zetian, he wrote an article - "An Admonition to the Wu Family" - in which he revealed all of Wu Zetian's misdeeds.It is said that Wu Zetian didn't care about it, but when he heard that "a handful of soil is not dry, how can a six-foot lone man be supported", he couldn't help being shocked. After hearing that it was written by King Luo Bin, he said: It's the prime minister's fault. People are so talented that they make himIt's no coincidence that he was exiled.“A handful of soil is not yet dry, how can a six-foot patch be supported”? This was extremely powerful in motivating the officials of the imperial court to rise up against Wu Zetian.After Xu Jingye's failed uprising, according to legend, he hid here in Lingyin Temple and became a monk.One day, Song Zhiwen came to Lingyin Temple and walked alone in the temple at night. He wanted to write a poem, but he couldn't finish it as soon as he thought of two sentences.An old monk with a white beard, King Luo Bin, came to him. After asking him the reason, he added a few words to him: "Looking at the sea and the sun from the building, the door faces the tide of Zhejiang."“The gold content of this kind of legend is probably not high.Perhaps Song Zhiwen's poem - "Lingyin Temple" - is very mediocre, with this wonderful couplet sandwiched in the middle, and later generations deliberately deprived him of the copyright to this couplet.Perhaps, Song Zhiwen was a bad character, so later generations made up this story, dug out this couplet, and attributed it to King Luo Bin.

The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty began to break through the shackles of the court poetry style in the early Tang Dynasty, making poetry jump out of the circle of socializing and singing praises, and took on the mission of singing about life.But they still lack powerful theoretical weapons to enable Tang poetry to summarize the past and face the future.History chose Chen Zi'ang to complete the mission of opening up a new world for Tang poetry. Chen Zi'ang took a clear-cut stand against the aristocratic literature of the Southern Dynasties and the style of poetry that only sought gorgeous words but empty content.He not only pointed out the path for the development of Tang poetry in theory, but also practiced his own theory in poetry creation.His thirty-eight poems - Feelings - either satirize reality, lament current events, or lament his life experience, or express his ideals, all of which reveal his strong self-awareness and enterprising spirit.”If the orchid is born in spring and summer, how green it is!The forest is lonely and empty, with red rhizome sprouting purple stems.As the day goes by and the evening goes by, the autumn wind blows, and the years are falling away, how can the fragrance be achieved!%At the turn of spring and summer, in the lush and green woods, herbs such as orchids and auroras bloom with red flowers on their purple stems, which outshines the vegetation in the forest, but it is still lonely after all.Time flies by, the autumn wind rises again, and there are bursts of fragrance in the air, so what can I do?The lyrical protagonist in the poem has an unappreciated talent, like a red flower in a dark forest, no one appreciates it. It can only fend for itself as time goes by, and its ambition is hard to realize.
At the end of the seventh century, when Wu Zetian became emperor, she sent an expedition to Khitan with Chen Ziang as a staff officer.Due to the general's incompetence and military defeat, he made several suggestions, but not only were they not accepted, he was also demoted.When he climbed onto Youzhou Terrace, he was filled with emotion and sang his eternal masterpiece - the song of ascending to Youzhou Terrace.

No one from the past will be seen before, no one from the future will be seen.Thinking about the long journey of heaven and earth, I burst into tears with sadness!

This poem comes suddenly and stops abruptly, with no beginning, transition, description of scenery, or use of scenery to express emotions.It's as clear as words, pronounced in Mandarin, and doesn't even rhyme.Is this poetry?No, it is just like a long sigh, just like a long roar to vent anger, like the faint but trembling spring thunder calling all things to wake up.The lyrical protagonist stands like a giant on the stage of Youzhou. Looking around, he feels an unprecedented loneliness.No one paid attention to it, and no one understood it. There was only the incurable melancholy that surged in my heart, and finally turned into two lines of tears streaming down my face.His eyes were filled with sorrow that reflected the vicissitudes of history, rather than despair.This is probably the reason why this poem is so shocking and has been passed down through the ages.

Four Scholars of Wuzhong

After nearly a hundred years of preparation, Tang poetry finally ushered in its heyday.The poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty then picked up the strong wind, set off huge waves, and instigated the majestic majesty of the heaven and earth to reach the commanding heights of the Chinese poetry world. The reddest, brightest, hottest and most attractive sun in the ancient Chinese poetry world rose.During this short period of just over forty years, many figures who founded sects emerged from the changes of the times.Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Gao Shi, and Cen Shen, these poets who dominated the world, all stood side by side with Li Bai, the eternal giant in the poetry world, looked at each other and smiled, and each decorated the gardens of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with their colorful colors.

He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu, Zhang Ruoxu and Bao Rong were all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang.This area belonged to Wu County in ancient times and was also called Wuzhong, so people called them the Four Scholars of Wuzhong.They were all radiant at the time, but they have dimmed because they were obscured by the dust of the times. However, in addition to being tolerant, they all had one or two popular poems.Before listening to the heroic symphonies and pastoral symphonies of the great masters of the Tang Dynasty, reading the poems of these poets is like listening to a serenade, which is also a rare enjoyment.

He Zhizhang, also known as Jizhen, loved drinking, chatting and joking.He was a prime minister-level official, but in his later years he suddenly had a whim and became a Taoist priest.Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once rewarded him with a corner of Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing to supplement his family income. This is where he spent his later years.Because of his wild and unrestrained nature, he calls himself Si Ming Kuang Ke.He and Li Bai were close friends.Li Bai said in the poem "Reminiscing about Wine and He Jian": There are crazy visitors in Siming, who are romantic and congratulate Jizhen.When we met in Chang'an, he called me an immortal.“Li Bai is a madman, and in Li Bai's eyes, He Zhizhang is a crazy and cute character. This can be imagined as a person.

”The owner does not know each other, so I am sitting in Linquan.Don't worry about selling wine, you will have money in your pocket.“ (《Title on Yuan Shi's Farewell Industry》) saw the beautiful woods and springs in someone else's garden, and even though he didn't know him, he went in to play in a big way. He also said that he had money to buy wine in his pocket, so he asked the owner not to worry about how to entertain him.His wildness can be seen from this poem.His most popular poem is:

When the young man left home and his elder brother returned home, his local pronunciation remained unchanged and his hair on his temples faded.Children who don't recognize each other laugh and ask where the guest is from.

It has been many years since I left my hometown, and recently the people have been half gone. Only the water of the mirror lake in front of my door, the spring breeze does not change the old waves.(《Two poems from my return home》)

The children dared to laugh and ask where the guests were coming from, and came up to make noises, which shows that the poet himself was also cheerful.He ”left home“ when he was young, and ”people have been busy lately. Only the water of Jinghu Lake is still the same as before, but there is no sadness at all.This not only shows his unrestrained character, but also reflects the stability of society and the heroic spirit of the times during the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Zhang Xu was nicknamed Zhang Dian, named after his cursive script.His cursive script, Li Bai's poems, and Pei Min's sword dancing.At that time, they were also called "Three Jue"s.I can't see Pei Min's sword dance, so I can't talk about it.Comparing Li Bai's poems with Zhang Xu's cursive scripts, they are really unique. What makes them comparable is that they are both madmen, and they have both reached a state of naturalness and perfection in their respective fields.It is said that when he wrote cursive script, he would first get drunk, shout and run wildly, and then take advantage of the drunkenness to pick up the pen and write.

What the famous poet Li Qi said in "Gift to Zhang Xu" can confirm this: “ Zhang Gong is addicted to alcohol, open-minded and has nothing to do, he is a poor official, and he was called too dextrin at the time.Standing on the bed with the exposed roof, he shouted three or five times, sprinkled the plain wall when he was excited, and waved his pen like a shooting star.”Zhang Xu is from Suzhou, so jokingly calling him Taidextrin is just right.However, the few poems he left behind are not as wild as his cursive writing. Just like what is described in the poem - Peach Blossom Stream, there is a flying bridge faintly separated by wild smoke, fishing boats on the west bank of Shiji, and peach blossoms in the sun.Follow the flowing water, where is the cave on the Qingxi River?%In the light smoke, I could vaguely see a towering bridge in the distance, but I still couldn't find the place I was looking for.The poet came to a big rock protruding from the water and asked the fisherman who was rowing his boat: The peach blossoms flowed from the peach blossom garden and flowed everywhere in the green stream. How can people follow the flowing peach blossoms to find the peach garden?Woolen cloth?Judging from the surface information, it just means that the poet came to visit the Peach Blossom Spring. Although he could not find the entrance to the cave, he was not in a hurry.This is a poetic journey, a search for poetry.But we follow the poet's footsteps.Look for it again.Where do the peach blossoms tumbling with the water waves in Qingxi River come from?“Looking at Kongyun Mountain in the distance, where can I find the peach garden?This peach blossom land shrouded in clouds and mist is a place, but it is more like a state that one wants to achieve in life.Therefore, from a deeper meaning, this is philosophical tourism.It is a profound philosophical thinking.”The flying bridge is faintly separated by wild smoke, and fishing boats are on the west bank of Shiji.The peach blossoms follow the flowing water all day long. Where is the cave in the green stream?%

Zhang Ruoxu's life story is unknown, except that he was from Yangzhou.He only handed down two poems.But - Spring River Flower Moonlight Night - is a famous poem that has been recited from ancient to modern times."Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" was originally composed by Chen Houzhu, a famous emperor in the Southern Dynasties. He even composed a tune at that time that can be sung.Later, both the lyrics and music were lost.Zhang Ruoxu's poem - Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night - borrows old inscriptions to write new poems, and borrows old bottles to bottle new wine.This poem describes the poet's various emotions and imaginations about missing his hometown Yangzhou on the bank of the Yangtze River in the second month of the lunar calendar.In Tang poems, the broad surface of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is also called the sea. Therefore, the tide of the Spring River here is even with the sea, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide. Although it refers to the sea, it refers to the vast Yangtze River.The poem starts from five aspects: spring, the Yangtze River, the flower forest, the bright moon and the night, weaves and combines various images derived from them, and repeatedly chants the nostalgia that cannot be wiped away.

Spring River Flower Moonlight Night

The spring river tide reaches the sea level, and the bright moon rises on the sea.The twinkling waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moon on the spring river!

The poet looked at a river of spring water flowing eastward.The moon rises from the broad river surface, reflecting the glittering river waves, showing a clear picture.As soon as the poem is written, it renders a vast, hazy and transparent night scene, which seems real and illusory, making people face the infinite time and space, as if they suddenly entered a state of weightlessness, and entered a deep state of seeking enlightenment.From the moonlight flowing thousands of miles with the waves, the poet thought that the river would last forever, the moonlight would last forever, but life is so short, so he continued to sigh with emotion:

The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests like sleet.Frost is flying in the sky unknowingly, and the white sand on the pavilion cannot be seen.The river and the sky were completely dustless, and there was only a solitary moon in the bright sky.Who by the river sees the moon for the first time, and when does the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the river and moon look alike every year. I don’t know who the river and moon are waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water.

The sky and water are vast and dustless, with only this lone moon wandering endlessly in the infinite universe.Who did the moon first illuminate?Who are you going to see?Although the series of human life is endless, the moon of the past cannot be seen today, and the moon of this month once illuminated the ancients. Generations of people have disappeared, and only the rolling Yangtze River is still flowing.This feeling of endless life and limited work did not get out of hand and fall into an inescapable situation, because the poet lived in the Tang Dynasty after all, and there was the possibility of finding development opportunities, so he only stopped there.Next, the context of the poem changes to the traditional lovesickness of a wanderer missing his wife.

The white clouds are slowly disappearing, and the green maple pond is full of sorrow.Whose family is cheating tonight?Where do I miss Mingyue Tower?The poor moon is wandering upstairs, and it should be seen in the makeup mirror.The jade door curtain cannot be rolled up, and the clothes anvil (zhēn) is smashed and brushed back.

At this time, we look at each other but don't hear each other. I hope that the moonlight will shine on you.The swans fly long and fast, and the fishes and dragons dive and jump into the water.Last night, I dreamed of falling flowers in the pond, but it was a pity that I didn’t return home in the middle of spring.The spring water flowing in the river is gone, and the moon has set in the river pool and is setting in the west (the ancient Chinese characters read xiá, xié is a tone compiled in modern times).The slanting moon sinks and hides the sea fog, and the stone Xiaoxiang has infinite roads.I don’t know how many people are returning by the moon. The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love.

frontier poet

The frontier fortress poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty has a lofty artistic conception and a tragic style. It is like a powerful bugle, and the history is filled with excitement every time it is blown.

The frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty had broad visions and exciting minds, full of majestic romantic temperament and indomitable heroic spirit.They sang the strongest voice of the times and fully embodied the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They were unique wonders in the ancient poetry world and an elusive peak for later generations of poets.

Among these frontier poets, Wang Changling was the one who wrote the most and best seven-character quatrains.Qijue began to mature in the early Tang Dynasty, but its expressive ability has not been fully explored, and there are not many excellent works. Wang Changling, with his successful creative practice, brought the summary ability of Qijue to the extreme. He was the same writer as Li BaiThe poet with the highest achievement in quatrains, some even say that he surpasses Li Bai.He is very famous.There is "Poet Emperor Wang Jiangning."” the reputation.So he was called Wang Jiangning, maybe because he was from Jiangning, or because he was an official in Jiangning.The seven poems in his group of poems - Military March - are almost all fine works, revealing the psychological activities of frontline soldiers from various angles.For example, the fourth song:

Qinghai is covered with long clouds and dark snow-capped mountains, and the lonely city looks out over Yumen Pass.Yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.

The sentence "Qinghai Changyun Dark Snow Mountain" exaggerates the atmosphere of war in a very full and hearty way: "Huangsha Hundreds of Battles and Golden Armor" not only reveals the hardship of the environment, but also shows the heroic spirit of the soldiers who ignored the country.

The pipa dances to a new sound, and the feeling of farewell is always lost in the mountains.I can't hear endless sorrow while being confused. The high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.

In the Baichi Tower in the west of Fenghuo City, I sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk.I even play the Qiang flute to close the mountains and the moon, and I don’t have the worries of the golden boudoir.

This kind of sadness of missing my wife thousands of miles away is so helpless, because every time I miss her may be the last time, because once I go to war, I may never come back to this place.This is real lovesickness with bloodshot eyes!“If Loulan is not broken, it will never be paid back”. Although he is full of heroic spirit, the poet also saw the pain that the war brought to ordinary soldiers, and did not blindly indulge in the fantasy of meritorious service and title.

His "Out of the Fortress" is a famous piece of ancient and modern legends, and is known as the masterpiece of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.

In the bright moon of Qin and the Pass of Han, the people who marched thousands of miles have not returned, but the flying generals of Dragon City are still there, and they will not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountains.

It is said that "the moon shines brightly in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty passes at the border". The actual meaning is that a bright moon shines on the border.However, when the desolate artistic conception of the bright moon shining on the border was pushed back to the Qin and Han Dynasties, this sentence changed from describing the real scene in front of us to a virtual scene full of historical depth. The virtual and the real complement each other, making the connotation of this poem extremely profound..This means that since the Qin and Han Dynasties, generations of people have been carrying out such long marches of thousands of miles, and many people died at the border and never returned.He lamented that there were no Dragon City flying generals like Li Guang to stop Hu Ma from crossing the Yinshan Mountains. He lamented that he was useless and could not serve the country and make contributions to the frontier. He also deeply sympathized with the border soldiers who had been fighting for a long time and could not return home.pain.The poet does not know and cannot know how to avoid the recurrence of this historical tragedy.He could only imagine that the flying general Li Guang would appear and use war to stop the war, but at the same time he also deeply realized that in the old days of the Great Wall battle, the salty words were high-spirited, the yellow dust is enough in the present and the past, and the bones are cluttered with wormwood“ (《Sai Xia Qu》) Even if war can be used to stop war, it will still be ”bones and bushes“, and it is also a tragedy. This poem is particularly catchy to read. Each sound matches the sounds before and after it. We focus on the harmony of the tone.After reading it once, you will know: ”The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the pass of the Han Dynasty, the people of the long march of thousands of miles have not returned, but the flying generals of the Dragon City are still there, and Hu Ma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountains.%

There are conscripted husbands at the border, and there are resentful women in the interior.His story - The Feud of a Friend - is about a wife who misses her husband who is away in the army:

The young woman in her boudoir didn't know her worries. She went up to the green building with makeup on the spring day. Suddenly she saw the color of willows on the street and regretted teaching her husband to look for a title.

His farewell poem - Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower - is also a unique and famous poem:

Entering Wu in the cold rainy night, I see off my guests in Chu Shangu in the morning.Relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other like a heart filled with ice in a jade pot.

Wang Changling's good friend Wang Zhihuan claimed to be a heroic man when he was young. He loved fencing, hunting, and singing tragic songs.He was famous for his poetry and was an important family among the frontier poets. Unfortunately, his fate was unfortunate and his collection of poems was lost. Only six quatrains have been handed down.According to records, one time he, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others went to a hotel to sing and drink, and a group of artists happened to come. So they agreed that when these artists sang later, whoever sang the most poems would be the one with the greatest poem title., as a result, one musician sang two quatrains by Wang Changling, and the other sang one quatrain by Gao Shi. Wang Zhihuan said: The musicians sang music that country people listen to.Just wait and see!Sure enough, a beautiful geisha stood up and sang:

Far up the Yellow River among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain.Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.

The geisha sang two more songs in a row, both poems by Wang Zhihuan.From this anecdote in the literary world, we can see how famous his poems were at that time. This poem - Liangzhou Ci - is a famous poem in Tang poetry.The Yellow River flows out from the white clouds, and an isolated city is surrounded by tens of thousands of mountains, showing the desolate and majestic scenery of the frontier fortress.The third sentence "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows" can refer to the Qiang flute playing the tune of "folding willows" to express homesickness, or it can also refer to the Qiang flute whimpering as if complaining that the willows outside the wall will not bloom and turn green.To cover up the coldness.The whole poem not only expresses the hard work of recruiting people, but also has a heroic momentum.Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, is an isolated city called Renshan Mountain.Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.

As the day fades behind the mountains, the Yellow River flows into the sea.If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to the next level.

Even a three-year-old child can recite this song - Climbing the Stork and Magpie Tower.The poet climbed up to the Stork and Magpie Tower in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, and looked at the bleak sun setting in the west and the rolling Yellow River flowing eastward. His sight stretched to the east and west, making the field of vision infinitely broad.The last two sentences move from reality to imaginary, and then push it a step further to broaden the horizons again.Four sentences with twenty words, no strange words, no strange sentences, no strange scenery, no strange feelings, but it shows such majestic momentum, this is simply a miracle!As the day fades behind the mountains, the Yellow River flows into the sea.If you want to see a thousand miles away, go to the next level.

Another poet of the same period, Wang Han, also had a widely circulated poem - Liangzhou Ci -

The luminous cup of grape wine reminds you immediately if you want to drink Pipa.Don't laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times!

Grape wine is poured into luminous cups, and a military band plays the pipa on horseback to add to the fun. How can the soldiers who are about to go to the front not drink!The lyrical protagonist is also somewhat helpless in his heart, but his heroic spirit cannot be overpowered, and his mood is still optimistic.This kind of poem can only be written by people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can feel the pain of death with such a smile.The luminous cup of grape wine reminds you immediately if you want to drink Pipa.Don't laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times!

Another important frontier poet, Li Qi, was also good at writing seven-character ancient poems.He doesn't care much about fame and wealth, but he really wants to be a god. He takes cinnabar and looks forward to ascending in the daytime.Wang Wei said in his poem "Gift to Li Qi", "I heard that the cinnabar used by you is very good in color. I don't know when I will have wings from now on." Li Qi's most famous poem is "Ancient Military Journey":

During the day, I climbed the mountain to watch the beacon fire, and at dusk, I drank my horse by crossing the river.Pedestrians are fighting in the wind and the sand is dark, and the princess Pipa is full of resentments.There are no city outlines in the wild clouds, and rain and snow are falling all over the desert.Hu Yan flies away night after night with a cry, Hu'er sheds tears in both eyes. Hearing that the jade gate is still covered, his life should be thrown into a light car, his bones buried in the wilderness year after year, and the sweet apples entering the Han family are empty!

What is commendable is that Li Qi not only sympathized with the Han soldiers who heard that the Yumen was still covered and had to throw their lives away, but also saw the suffering that the war brought to the ethnic minorities.“Hu'er's tears are both falling” and then “Hu Yan's whining and flying every night” are used to set off. The two images of Hu Yan's pleading and Hu'er's tears are superimposed together. What a heart-piercing aesthetic stimulation!Li Qi's ideological realm was not achieved by other frontier poets with strong anti-war tendencies.Just for this sentence, the Chinese people should build a huge bronze statue deep in their hearts to commemorate him.

The most representative poets among the frontier poets are Gao Shi and Cen Can, who were collectively called Gao Cen in later generations.

Gao Shi's character is somewhat similar to Li Bai's, with a very similar arrogance and arrogance.He said in "Biewei joins the army" that he had twenty-one swords and traveled westward to Chang'an City. He raised his head to look at the king's gate and took the minister with his fingers.The prosperous Tang Dynasty was an era of madmen, and naturally Li Bai was not the only one.He is not as talented as Li Bai, but he has practical political talents.Throughout the Tang Dynasty, among the great poets, Gao Shi had the most outstanding political talent and the greatest official career.

“The smoke and dust of the Han family are in the northeast, and the Han generals will resign and destroy their families.A man is proud of himself, but the emperor gives him great honor.I beat the drums with gold and went down to Yuguan, and the flags meandered among the jieshi.Xiao Weiyu flew out into the vast sea, and Shanyu's fierce fire shone on Langshan.The mountains and rivers are desolate and borderless, and the barbarian cavalry and the mausoleum are mixed with wind and rain.The warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tent.The desert is poor and the grass is blocked in autumn, and the lonely city is sparse in battle at sunset.When encountering kindness, one always underestimates the enemy, and even though one has exhausted all his strength, he has not been able to clear the siege.The iron robes have been guarding for a long time, and the jade chopsticks should be heard after parting.The young woman in the south of the city wants to have her heart broken, and the conscript Ji Beikong looks back.The edge of the court can be saved, but the vastness of the expanse is even more limitless.The murderous spirit forms clouds at three o'clock, and the cold sound spreads all night long.Looking at each other, there is a lot of blood. I never care about Xun in the death festival. You don't see the hardships of fighting on the battlefield. I still remember General Li to this day!《Yan Xingge》about a wife missing her husband who is away at war. This is an old poem title that has been used by everyone since the Three Kingdoms period.Although Gao Shi's poem still wrote "The woman in the south of the city is heartbroken, and the conquest of the Jibei sky looks back", it breaks through the limitations of this traditional theme, from the mentality of the soldiers when they go to war, the urgency of the war, the cruelty of the war, toThe unevenness of joy and sorrow in the army, conscripts missing their wives, yearning for peace, etc. are all linked together.This poem is like a march accompanied by percussion instruments. The rhythm is strong and calm, and the sound is so majestic that people can't help but feel refreshed after listening to it.

Gao Shi is good at writing seven-character ancient poems, which are magnificent, turbulent in opening and closing, and have strong appeal.His poems are by no means many, but there are a few that can be as great as the small ones, with rich connotations and lofty realms.
Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and white sun, and the north wind blows the geese and snow.Don't worry about the road ahead. No one in the world knows you!

The poet first tried his best to exaggerate the desolation of the environment when they broke up: yellow clouds thousands of miles away, the day was dark, the north wind blew snow, and the wild geese returned south.Breaking up with friends in this kind of climate will naturally make you feel even heavier.But the third and fourth sentences suddenly cheered up and drew a bright color on the dark sky, making the atmosphere relaxed.This shows the broad-mindedness of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.”Don't worry about the road ahead. No one in the world knows you“. With Wang Bo's ”knowing him in the world, he will be a little more heroic and a little more confident.

Cen Shen was the most typical frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In the 1850s, he went to the frontier twice and stayed in Xinjiang for six years.We should grasp the characteristics of his frontier poems from two aspects.First, he is a curious person, just as Du Fu said, "Brothers Cen Shen are all curious" (《Meilingxing》).In his early years, he enjoyed discovering poetry from unexpected angles.After having the experience of frontier life, his curious nature also opened up a new world.

Second, there is an indomitable heroic spirit in Cen Shen's poems, which is unmatched by other frontier poets.He praised others for only getting their fame from horses. They were really heroic husbands. This was how he himself galloped on the northwest battlefield as a young hero in uniform.When he left the country, he was only in his early thirties, an age full of vigor.Wang Changling, Gao Shi and other older poets have begun to realize the cruelty and injustice of war as the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Dynasty gradually shrunk and the government became increasingly corrupt. However, Cen Shen was still shouting and galloping on the battlefield to show off.Heroism.This mentality and ideological realm make his poetry more obviously different from that of Gao Shi.Gao Shi observed more deeply and saw more of the hardships of the soldiers, so the color of the poem was lighter.Cen Shen used a gorgeous style of writing to highlight the exotic scenery of ice, snow, volcanoes, and hot seas in the northwest, praising the war to defend the frontier, and praising the soldiers' perseverance and heroic ambition to serve the country with meritorious service, which is touching and strange.

Don’t you see, the horse-drawn river is running along the snowy seaside, and the flat sand is vast and yellow in the sky.The wind roared on the September night in Luntai, and the gravel in the river was as big as a bucket, and the stones were scattered all over the ground in the wind.The Xiongnu grass is yellow and the horses are fat, smoke and dust are seen flying in the west of Jinshan Mountain, and the generals of the Han family are marching west.The general's golden armor stayed on all night, and the troops fought against each other in the middle of the night. The limelight was like a knife cutting through the face.The horse hair is covered with snow and sweat is steaming, the five-flowered money is swirled into ice, and the grass and inkstone in the curtain are condensed with water.The captive cavalry should be frightened when they hear this. Unexpectedly, they don't dare to fight with short soldiers, and the chariot driver Ximen stands still to show off his victory.

The poem says that a general of the Han Dynasty set out to the west and marched in the harsh climate of Luntai in September, when the wind howled on the night, and the gravel in the river was as big as a bucket, and the ground was covered with stones in the wind.Just from the rendering of this atmosphere, people can feel that this is an invincible iron army, so the poet confidently concluded that the cavalry should be frightened after hearing this, so they should stand at the west gate of the chariot division to show their victory..This kind of indomitable fighting spirit is difficult to find in the poems of other frontier poets.

《Bai Xuege sends Judge Wu back to the capital》is another important work of the poet.This poem makes people feel novel from the beginning.“Hutian It is snowing in August. According to common sense, this kind of weather should make people feel bleak and gloomy.However, as a curious young man during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Cen Shen suddenly had a whim and thought that what was lying on the branches was not snow, but pear blossoms in full bloom. Suddenly, as if a spring breeze came overnight, thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees.When these two verses, which are still often quoted, are placed here, the dark sky suddenly becomes brighter and the air suddenly becomes warmer, thus setting the heroic and optimistic tone of the whole poem.”The Chinese army prepared wine and drinks for returning guests, and played harps, lutes, lutes and harp flutes“, showing an exotic atmosphere.The poet's sharp eyes also particularly noticed the red flag held high above the camp gate. The red flag was set off by the white snow, and the color contrast was so strong.The red flag should be fluttering in the wind, but sometimes it hangs still when the wind stops.This special situation made the poet wonder again: it seems that it is not the wind that forces the flag to unfold motionless, but that the flag is frozen and cannot be blown by the strong wind.Framing the scene with a curious eye and describing it with a surprising style of writing, a very ordinary farewell scene is painted so beautifully and boldly that people will never tire of reading it:

Bai Xuege sends Judge Wu back to Beijing

The north wind blows and the white grass on the ground folds, and the sky is full of snow in August. Suddenly, like a spring breeze coming overnight, thousands of pear trees bloom.Scattered into the pearl curtain and wet Luo curtain, the fox fur is not warm and the brocade quilt is thin.The general's horns and bows cannot be controlled, and the protective armor is still cold.The vast sea is covered with hundreds of feet of ice, and the melancholy clouds are bleak and condensed thousands of miles away.The Chinese army prepares wine and drinks for the returning guests, playing fiddles, lutes, lutes and flutes.Snow falls one after another on the camp gate, and the red flag is blown by the wind and does not turn over due to the freezing cold.I saw you off at the east gate of Luntai. When you left, the mountain road was covered with snow. You were nowhere to be seen on the winding road, and there was a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.

Mention should also be made of Cui Hao, who is also famous for writing ancient poems.Some people even say that during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, that is, in the first half of the eighth century, he and Wang Wei were the most famous poets.This at least shows that he was a famous figure at the time.”Gaoshan Daijun is adjacent to Yan in the east, and is close to the Hu family in Yanmen.Free the Hu Ying to chase the birds, and hunt the Akita on behalf of the horse.The wild fires on the mountaintops are burning in the cold, and the lonely peaks are wet and smokey in the rain.I heard that there was no fighting in western Liaoning, so I often slept in restaurants drunkenly.(《Yanmen Hu Renge》) This poem describes the brave and martial, rough and heroic spiritual outlook of the ethnic minorities in the border areas. It is really vivid and colorful.However, his name is connected with the immortal seven-rhythm poem - Yellow Crane Tower. It is better to read this poem directly:

People in the past have gone away on the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. Once the Yellow Crane is gone, it will never come back, and the white clouds will remain empty for thousands of years.Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees, and the grass is luxuriant and Parrot Island is green.Where is the Rimu Township Pass?The smoke on the Yanbo River makes people sad.